Metallurgy, Materials & Chemistry

Early southern iron: Mayiladumparai, Brahmagiri, Gachibowli

c. 2200-2100 BCE (reported)Iron Age communities of the Deccan and southMayiladumparai (TN), Brahmagiri (Karnataka), Gachibowli (Telangana)Tamil Nadu

2,200 BCE

Reported dates for iron-bearing layers around 2200-2100 BCE.

Dated: 2,200–2,100 BCE
As scholars put it: c. 2200-2100 BCE (reported)
Originator: Iron Age communities of the Deccan and south
Source text: Mayiladumparai (TN), Brahmagiri (Karnataka), Gachibowli (Telangana)
Region: Tamil Nadu
Discipline: Metallurgy, Materials & Chemistry
Evidence: Plausible precursor
Confidence: Medium
Verification: Verified-web

Meanwhile in the West

Earlier than conventional dates for iron in India.

Fair to say

Less extreme than Sivagalai but still awaiting wider confirmation.

Path to modern innovation

Suggests iron use in peninsular India well before 1500 BCE.

Transmission

Part of the same 2025 dating programme.

References

1Rajan & Sivanantham (TNSDA, 2025)